Structure of a Dental Implant

Implant (Fixture):
This is the artificial tooth root that is surgically placed into the alveolar bone (jawbone). It provides support for the upper part of the restoration.

Abutment:
The connecting component that links the implant and the crown. Also known as the abutment post, it plays a critical role in supporting and retaining the dental crown.

Crown:
The visible part placed on top of the abutment, responsible for chewing function and aesthetic appearance.

Among these components, the abutment serves as a vital connection between the implant and the crown-equivalent to the prepared tooth in traditional prosthodontics. It mainly provides support and retention, also offering anti-rotation and positioning features. The abutment can also be used for gingival shaping, making it easier to attach the final fixed restoration later on.

Dental Implant Procedure: Three Stages

The dental implant procedure is usually carried out in three phases, done step-by-step to complete the missing tooth restoration. Patients considering implants may want to understand the process in advance.

1st Stage: Initial Surgery

In the first surgical phase, the dentist selects the appropriate location on the alveolar bone, drills a hole, and places the implant. A cover screw (healing cap) is inserted to prevent tissue from entering the implant screw hole. The surgical site is then sutured closed.

After implantation, the bone must undergo osseointegration-a healing process where the implant bonds with the bone. This usually takes about 3–6 months, though the duration may vary depending on the individual.

2nd Stage: Abutment Placement Surgery

About three months after the first surgery-or once the implant is firmly integrated with the bone-the second surgical stage begins.

Before this procedure, an X-ray is taken to ensure that the implant has healed properly (no shadows or signs of infection around the implant). Then, under local anesthesia, a circular incision is made to expose and remove the cover screw.

A healing abutment is selected based on gingival thickness and placed into the implant. After about two weeks, a gingival cuff (gum collar) forms, and the patient returns for a follow-up. At this point, a dental impression is taken to prepare the final crown.

3rd Stage: Final Restoration

The healing abutment is replaced with a final (permanent) abutment, and then the custom crown is installed. With this, the entire dental implant procedure is complete.